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: Who rely on state protection and subsidies rather than competition.
: Responsible for excessive public spending and high tax burdens.
is a seminal work by Argentine economist and politician José Luis Espert , published in 2017 by Editorial Galerna . The book serves as a diagnosis of what the author describes as the country's "decadence," identifying the structural actors he believes have hindered Argentina's economic development for decades. Overview and "The Three Oligarchies"
Espert argues that Argentina is "devoured" by a corporatist model supported by three specific groups, which he labels as "the three oligarchies":
The book critiques the "populist industrial model," which Espert claims is a two-faced coin consisting of commercial protectionism and unmanageable state spending. Structure and Content
: For their role in maintaining rigid labor laws.
The volume is approximately long and is divided into several thematic chapters:
