: Under Section 233 , it is illegal to use network services to share "obscene, indecent, false, menacing or offensive" content with the intent to annoy, abuse, or harass. Convictions can lead to heavy fines and imprisonment.

The prevalence of these "zip" files has a chilling effect on how women, in particular, engage with social media in Malaysia.

: Leaked content is often used for "doxing," where the victim's real-life identity and social media profiles are exposed, leading to severe social ostracization.